Artificial Intelligence - Definition, Courses, Salary, Examples And Future


The term Artificial Intelligence or AI is becoming very popular among people these days. But wait! the term is not new and was first coined in '1956' in a Workshop at Dartmath College by John McCarthy of MIT. So, What is artificial intelligence ?
In computer science, it is defined as:

The ability of a system to perceive its external environment and take actions according to it so that there is a maximum chance that it will successfully achieve its goal.
Artificial which means anything which isn't natural but created by some special conditions. An intelligence which is not a natural one i.e., not of a human being or animal but of a machine is referred as "Artificial Intelligence". Sci-fi movies showed us some mind blowing AIs like J.A.R.V.I.S. from MCU and David from Prometheus. These AIs were of super-high-level intelligence and creating an AI like those are still not possible.

History of Artificial Intelligence

As we have discussed above, the term AI was first introduced in '1956' and since then it is evolving day-by-day. 1980s saw increase in advancement of AI programs due to metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS), Very Large Scale Integration (VSLI) in form of Complementary MOS (CMOS) transistor technology which advanced the idea of neural network.
Artificial intelligence related programs grew more advanced from 1990s to early 21st century. Till that time, it became a major part of automobile companies. It was now used in the fields like data-mining and medical diagnosis. On 11 may 1997, Computer based AI named Deep-Blue beat the then World Chess Champion Garry kasparov.

Use Of Artificial Intelligence In Present World

Computers are becoming intelligent day-by-day. Now, smartphones have digital assistant like Google Assistant and Siri. Video games also become fast and giving the user, a wonderful experience. Games like GTA, PUBG, Free Fire, PokemonGo etc. are examples of this technology. Speech recognition, Facial recognition and Object recognition are now part of our daily life. A.I. is now backbone of Robotics field. It has a big influence in medical field also. Bone age can be now determined by X-rays through computers. Car operating without drivers are possible only due to these technologies. Overall, artificial intelligence is playing a vital role in present technologies and will be more helping in future. All these involves a hard work in the form of coding. Various programming languages are becoming popular among IT experts who regularly deal with A.I. related problems. Python programming language is becoming more popular these days as it is easy to learn and use. Also, it is one of the best languages for conding of an Artificial intelligence driven devices.

Turing and Reverse Turing Test

Turing test, which was developed by Alan Turing, is a type of test for AI configured machines to check the machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to or indistinguishable from that of human. This test was first came out as a game called imitation game in a paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence' by Alan Turing in 1950.
    On the other hand, reverse turing test is a test which is presented to a machine to verify whether the user is a human or robot. Captcha is an example of Reverse Turing Test.

Advantages of A.I.
1) Reduction in Human Error:
With the help of Artificial intelligence, the decisions are taken from the previously gathered information applying a certain set of algorithms. So, errors can be reduced and the chance of reaching accuracy with a greater degree of precision is possible.

2) Availability
Using AI we can make machines work 24x7 without any breaks and they don’t even get bored, unlike humans.

3) Digital Assistance
The digital assistants are used in many websites to provide things that users want. We can chat with them about what we are looking for and sometimes it is really hard to determine whether it is a robot or A.I.

Diadvantages of A.I.
1) High Cost
Since they are very complex machines, they require high maintenance and needed to be updated after a regular interval. Also the cost of hardware and software involved in AI are very costly.

2) Leading to Unemployment
AI is replacing the majority of the repetitive tasks and other works with robots,human interference is becoming less which will cause a major problem in the employment standards.

3) Lack of Emotions
An A.I. cannot replace the human connection that makes the team. Machines cannot develop a bond with humans which is an essential attribute when comes to Team Management as they have no emotions.
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